Use of English - Multiple Choice

Choosing Wisely

Psychologists have long been interested in how people make decisions, especially when the stakes are high. Although we like to believe that we act on the (0) BASIS of pure logic, research suggests that emotion, habit and context all play a significant role. In everyday life, we are constantly (1) .......... with choices, from what to eat to whether to change jobs. Because of this, the brain often relies on mental shortcuts, known as heuristics, which can be useful but may also (2) .......... to errors in judgement. One well-known example is the tendency to give too much weight to first impressions. Once we have formed an opinion, we may ignore evidence that (3) .......... with it. Another common bias involves avoiding losses: people are often more motivated by the fear of losing something than by the chance to (4) .......... an equivalent benefit. As a result, individuals may stick with familiar options even when better alternatives are available. Experts point out that good decision-making rarely depends on instinct (5) .......... . It usually requires time, reflection and a willingness to question one's assumptions. In professional settings, for instance, teams are often encouraged to (6) .......... up several possible outcomes before reaching a conclusion. This reduces the risk of acting in haste and helps people to (7) .......... up the advantages and disadvantages more carefully. In the end, sound decisions are less about certainty than about being aware (8) .......... the hidden influences on our thinking.