Use of English PRO

The Art of Persuasion

The psychology of persuasion has long been studied by researchers interested (0) IN how people influence one another. One of the key findings is that we are more likely to agree with someone (1) .......... we perceive as similar to ourselves, whether in background, values or behaviour. This is partly because familiarity tends to make us feel at ease, and partly because we assume that people like us are more likely to act (2) .......... good faith. Another important factor is timing. A message may be perfectly logical, but if it is delivered (3) .......... the wrong moment, it can easily be ignored. Persuasion also depends on context: people are often influenced not only by what is said, but also by who else is present and how others appear to react. In some situations, individuals may go along with a group simply to avoid standing (4) ........... What is perhaps most surprising is that persuasion is not always obvious. It can occur through subtle cues, repeated exposure and even silence. For this reason, it is worth reflecting (5) .......... how often our decisions are shaped by forces we barely notice. The more aware we become (6) .......... these influences, the better able we are to judge arguments fairly and resist manipulation when necessary. Persuasion, then, is not just (7) .......... getting others to agree; it is also about understanding why agreement happens in the first place and what it reveals (8) .......... human behaviour.

About Use of English Open Cloze — Cambridge English C1

In this Cambridge English C1 Use of English Open Cloze exercise you read a short text and think of the one word that best fits each of the 8 gaps.

Open Cloze tests grammar and common fixed expressions — articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs and linking words. Only one word goes in each gap, and it is usually a small grammatical word rather than vocabulary.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many gaps are in this C1 Open Cloze exercise?

There are 8 gaps, and you must write exactly one word in each.

What kind of words go in the gaps?

Usually grammatical words: prepositions, articles, pronouns, auxiliaries, relative pronouns and parts of fixed phrases.

What is the best strategy for Open Cloze?

Read the whole text first for meaning, then look closely at the words around each gap — the answer almost always depends on the immediate grammar.

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What to do

This part consists of a short text with a series of gaps. There are no words from which to choose the answers, candidates have to think of a word which fits the gap correctly.

Errors in punctuation are ignored, although spelling must be correct.

Contractions (e.g. don’t, we’ve, won’t) count as two words. However, can’t is a contraction of cannot, which is one word.

Sometimes, there is more than one correct answer. Cambridge will always account for this and all options will be accepted. However, you should not write more than one answer.

Don't spend time in a word you don't know. Wasting time on this activity might cost you points later in the exam because you won’t have enough time to do other tasks well.

Strategy

  1. Read the title and the whole text so that you understand what it is about.
  2. Read the whole sentence in which the gap occurs, to look for clues as to what kind of word you need.
  3. Check the words before and after each gap and look for grammatical collocations.
  4. Remember you must write only one word.
  5. You are never required to write a contraction. If you think the answer is a contraction, it must be wrong, so think again.
  6. Read the whole text through once you have completed it to make sure you have not missed any connectors, plurals or negatives.